The Greek civilization developed around the 2nd millenium BC in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea: in the Balkan peninsula, the islands of the Aegean Sea and the coast of Asia Minor. 

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Greece was not a unified country. It was geographically and politically fragmented during most of its history. 

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However, it is considered a civilization as all the people living in that area had the same language, religion, customs...and they considered themselves members of the same culture.